Insertion sort

Insertion and selection sort logic

menu driven program for the use of structure

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<process.h>
struct student
{
int rno;
char name[20];
int marks;
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
student s[3];
char ans='y';
int ch;
do
{
clrscr();
cout<<"Options are"<<endl;
cout<<"1. Insert records"<<endl;
cout<<"2.Display all records"<<endl;
cout<<"3.Display records on the basis of roll number"<<endl;
cout<<"4.Display records in ascending order of roll number"<<endl;
cout<<"5.Display records in descending order of marks"<<endl;
cout<<"6.Display student with top marks"<<endl;
cout<<"7.Display average marks"<<endl;
cout<<"8.Exit"<<endl;
cout<<"Enter Your Choice"<<endl;
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
int i;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
cout<<"Enter the rollno name and marks of a student"<<endl;
cin>>s[i].rno;
gets(s[i].name);
cin>>s[i].marks;
}
break;
case 2:

cout<<"The data of the students is"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{

cout<<s[i].rno<<"\t";
cout<<s[i].name<<"\t";
cout<<s[i].marks<<endl;
}
break;
case 3:
int rn;
cout<<"Enter roll number to search"<<endl;
cin>>rn;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
   if(s[i].rno==rn)
   {
       cout<<s[i].rno<<"\t";
cout<<s[i].name<<"\t";
cout<<s[i].marks<<endl;
   }
}
break;
case 4:

student S;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3-i-1;j++)
{
 if(s[j].rno>s[j+1].rno)
 {

S=s[j];
s[j]=s[j+1];
s[j+1]=S;
}
}
}

cout<<"The data of the students in ascending order of roll no is"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{

cout<<s[i].rno<<"\t";
cout<<s[i].name<<"\t";
cout<<s[i].marks<<endl;
}
break;

case 5:

for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3-i-1;j++)
{
 if(s[j].marks<s[j+1].marks)
 {

S=s[j];
s[j]=s[j+1];
s[j+1]=S;
}
}
}

cout<<"The data of the students in descending order of marks is"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{

cout<<s[i].rno<<"\t";
cout<<s[i].name<<"\t";
cout<<s[i].marks<<endl;
}

break;

case 6:

for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3-i-1;j++)
{
 if(s[j].marks<s[j+1].marks)
 {

S=s[j];
s[j]=s[j+1];
s[j+1]=S;
}
}
}

cout<<"The details of the students securing top marks is"<<endl;

cout<<s[0].rno<<"\t";
cout<<s[0].name<<"\t";
cout<<s[0].marks<<endl;


break;
case 7:
int sum=0;

cout<<"The average marks are"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{

sum=sum+s[i].marks;
}

cout<<sum/3<<endl;
break;


case 8:
cout<<"Press any key to exit.................";
getch();

exit(0);
default:
cout<<"Enter from the given choice "<<endl;
cout<<"Press any key to exit................."<<endl;
getch();
break;

}
cout<<"return to main menu y/n"<<endl;
cin>>ans;
}while((ans=='y')||(ans=='Y'));
getch();
}




This program is made for entry of three students at a time . You can change the number of students by changing the size of the array of structure and the value where ever loops are used
Hope this program will clear a lot of concepts like searching and sorting .


Make new programs always

Difference between call by value and call by reference

1. In call by value we pass a copy of actual arguments to formal arguments however in call by reference we pass the original values through reference variable.
2.In call by value if we make any change in formal argument the same changes will not take place in actual argument, whereas in call by reference the changes will take place in call by reference.

Example of call by value

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void swap(int,int);
void main()
{
clrscr();
int x,y;
cout<<"enter two numbers "<<endl;
cin>>x>>y;
swap(x,y);  // actual arguments
cout<<"After Swapping:-"<<endl;
cout<<"The value of x is "<<x<<endl;
cout<<"The value of y is "<<y<<endl;
getch();
}
void swap(int a,int b)        // Formal arguments
{
int c;
c=a;
a=b;
b=c;
cout<<"In swap function :-"<<endl;
cout<<"The value of a is "<<a<<endl;
cout<<"The value of b is "<<b<<endl;
}

Output :

Enter two number 

10

20

In Swap function:-

The value of a is 20

The value of b is 10

In main function:-

The value of x is 10

The value of y is 20

Example of call by reference

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void swap(int & ,int &);
void main()
{
clrscr();
int x,y;
cout<<"enter two numbers "<<endl;
cin>>x>>y;
swap(x,y);  // actual arguments
cout<<"After Swapping:-"<<endl;
cout<<"The value of x is "<<x<<endl;
cout<<"The value of y is "<<y<<endl;
getch();
}
void swap(int &a,int &b)        // Formal arguments
{
int c;
c=a;
a=b;
b=c;
cout<<"in swap function :-"<<endl;
cout<<"The value of a is "<<a<<endl;
cout<<"The value of b is "<<b<<endl;
}

Output :

Enter two number 

10

20

In Swap function:-

The value of a is 20

The value of b is 10

In main function:-

The value of x is 20

The value of y is 10

More programs on Class Concept

Program 1

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class stock
{
int icode,qty;
char des[20];
float price,discount;
void finddisc()
{
if(qty<=50)
discount=0;
else if(qty<=100)
discount=5;
else
discount=10;
}
public:
void buy()
{
cout<<"Enter icode,name,price,quantity"<<endl;
cin>>icode;
gets(des);
cin>>price>>qty;
finddisc();
}
void showall()
{
cout<<"The item code is"<<icode<<endl;
cout<<"The item description is"<<des<<endl;
cout<<"The Price is"<<price<<endl;
cout<<"The quantity is"<<qty<<endl;
cout<<"The discount  is"<<discount<<endl;
}
};
void main()
{
stock s;
clrscr();
s.buy();
s.showall();
getch();
}





Program 2

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class resort
{
int rno;
char name[20];
float charges,amount;
int days;
float compute()
{
  if((days*charges)>11000)
{
return 1.02*days*charges;
}
else
{
return days * charges;
}
}
public:
void getinfo()
{
cout<<"enter room no , name , charges and days"<<endl;
cin>>rno;
gets(name);
cin>>charges>>days;
}
void dispinfo()
{
cout<<"Room No is:  " <<rno<<endl;
cout<<"Customer name is :" <<name<<endl;
cout<<"Amount is :"<<compute();
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
resort r;
r.getinfo();
r.dispinfo();
getch();
}

Classes & Objects
A Class is a collection of data and functions working on that data. The class follows the concept of encapsulation.
An object is an instance of class containing real world data.

In a class we simply declare member data and define member functions that work on the data but the value of the data is in correspondence to the object.

 #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class student
{
int rno;
char name[20];
float fees;
public:
void accept()
{
cout<<"Enter the details of the student"<<endl;
cin>>rno
gets(name);
cin>>fees;
}
void disp()
{
cout<<"The rollno is '<<rno<<endl;
cout<<"The Nmae is"<<name<<endl;
cout<<"The Fees is "<<fees;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscfr();
student s;
s.accept();
s.disp();
getch();
}

On the demand of the students I am uploading some basic programs.Hope this will benefit you all.


// WRITE A PROGRAM TO ENTER TEMP IN FAHRENHIET AND CONVER IT IN CELCIUS
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float f,c;
cout<<"enter temp in fahrenheit"<<endl;
cin>>f;
c=5*(f-32)/9;
cout<<"The temp in celcius is:"<<c<<endl;
getch();
}

// WRITE A PROGRAM TO ENTER TWO NUMBERS AND SWAP THEM

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

clrscr();

int x,y,z;

cout<<"Enter two numbers"<<endl;

cin>>x>>y;

z=x;

x=y;

y=z ;

cout<<"The numbers after swapping:"<<endl;

cout<<"x is :="<<x<<endl<<"y is :="<<y<<endl;

getch();

}

// WRITE A PROGRAM TO ENTER TWO NUMBERS AND SWAP THEM WITHOUT USING THIRD VARIABLE

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

clrscr();

int x,y,z;

cout<<"Enter two numbers"<<endl;

cin>>x>>y;

x=x+y;

x=x-y;

y=x-y;

cout<<"The numbers after swapping:"<<endl;

cout<<"x is :="<<x<<endl<<"y is :="<<y<<endl;

getch();

}

//enter a four digit number and find the sum of first and last

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

clrscr();

int num,first,last,sum;

cout<<"enter a four digit number"<<endl;

cin>>num;

last=num%10;

first=num/1000;

sum=first+last;

cout<<"the sum of first and last digit is ="<<sum<<endl;

getch();

}